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简答题透照厚试件时,放在试件焦点侧表面的金属丝象质计可识别的最小线径为0.5mm,此时散射比为3.5,然后利用铅光阑和屏蔽板使散射比为1.5,再摄一张黑度相同的底片,此时可识别的象质计最小线径为多少?(已知直径d与最小可见度△Dmin在d=0.1~0.5mm范围内有下式之关系:△Dmin=C•d-2/3,C为常数,又假定焦点尺寸影响可忽略,Χ射线机、管电压、管电流、焦距、胶片及增感屏均不变。)
  • 设屏蔽前后与最小可见线径d1,d2相应的最小可见对比度分别为△Dmin1,△Dmin2,则:
    △Dmin1/△Dmin2=[-0.434μ1G1σ1d1/(1+n1)]/[-0.434μ2G2σ2d2/(1+n2)],
    由题意:G1=G2,μ1=μ2,σ1=σ2≈1
    故:△Dmin1/△Dmin2=d1(1+n2)/d2(1+n1)--(1),
    又按题意,d在0.1~0.5mm内与△Dmin有如下式之关系:
    △Dmin=C•d-2/3 故:△Dmin1/△Dmin2=C•d1-2/3/C•d2-2/3=(d1/d2)-2/3 --(2),由(1),(2)式得:(d1/d2)-2/3=d1(1+n2)/d2(1+n1)--(3)
    D.1/d2)3/5=(1+n1)/(1+n2),d1/d2=[(1+n1)/(1+n2)]3/5
    ∴d2=d1•[(1+n1)/(1+n2)]-3/5=0.5[(1+3.5)/(1+1.5)]-3/5=0.5×1.8-3/5=0.35
    取0.40mm
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